Bookmarks
Bookmarks in various formsToday, bookmarks exist in a wide variety of forms. From free cardboard strips printed with logos and advertising slogans, the range extends to exquisitely designed bibliophile variants featuring artwork, designs or inspirational quotes by famous personalities.
Bookplates (ex-libris)
Ownership labels for booksUntil the introduction of industrialised mass printing in the 19th century, a book was, beyond its intellectual content, also a valuable object in its own right.
Books as a good
Commerce – Trade Fairs – Assortment After the invention of printing with movable type and, with that, the possibility of mass producing identical copies of a printed work, the book medium developed into a major trading commodity in Europe. Trade fairs began to feature printed works alongside their more customary goods.
Books as cultural artefacts
Saying goodbye to a technology that cannot be improved?The world of books has changed since computers and the Internet as a technology and medium began their victory march. Whether in production, marketing and sales, the types of access to books and other published knowledge resources, in the organisation of libraries and archives and, last but not least, in reading behaviour – the effects of digitalisation and networking have penetrated all major spheres of activity in the book arena.
Braille
Reading with your handsSymbols and script are fundamental elements in our society for recording and passing on information. The saying “to have something in black-in-white” best describes in what form people with an intact sense of vision perceive script – optically, as “black” characters on a “white” background.
Camouflaged publications
Explosive contents in harmless packaging Camouflaged publications represent a special form of literature. In order to get around the banning of texts by the censor, highly charged material was given an unprepossessing appearance with innocuous titles or faked mastheads.
Cancellaresca italica
Cursive script for scholars and artistsCancellaresca is the name of the handwritten, cursive lettering of the 14th and 15th centuries that was used in scriptoria and chanceries – including the Vatican chancery – for official documents. Under the influence of calligraphy, this cursive type spread throughout Europa and became a popular form of handwriting among scholars and artists.
Capital
The A-Z of industrialisationCapital, in addition to labour (Division of labour, Wages), is one of the main factors of production. It is invested as real capital in the means of production such as buildings (Factory), machines (Technology), etc. or is used in the form of monetary capital to finance operative business.
Caricatures of censorship
Poking fun at the authoritiesCaricatures are extremely well suited to staging a critical confrontation with repression and the banning of unwanted publications. Censors and their edicts are put on view in exaggerated and distorted images drawn with a sharp pen.
Cases of censorship today
Freedom of the press as a fragile goodThe widespread processes of liberalisation and democratisation over the last 250 years have brought freedom of the press to most areas of central Europe. In Germany, Article 5 of the Constitution contains the unequivocal statement. “There shall be no censorship.”
