Lending libraries
Books for borrowingLending libraries were commercial enterprises that loaned out books for a fee. The rising demand for reading materials beginning in the 18th century led to the establishment of such institutions spreading popular literature in almost every German city.
Letters
From the closed envelope to emailLetters are often of a private nature and are traditionally hand-written by a sender to one or more recipients. Letters have a medium life term, longer than a scribbled note, more short-lived than a legal document, and are not time-consuming to write.
Letters of indulgence
Early printed materials and objects of dispute during the ReformationThe issue of letters of indulgence was a very common practice in the Catholic Church just before the Reformation. After confessing or doing other godly work, the faithful received a decree exempting them from punishment for their sins.
Librarians
Image between bookworm and modern data managerAs the protector and administrator of acquired knowledge, the librarian is among the oldest vocations known to humanity. Although in antiquity it was often slaves, and in the middle ages primarily monks, who tended the libraries, after the invention of the printing press the task increasingly became a bourgeois profession.
Libraries
Archives of human knowledgeLibraries have been projection surfaces for human desires and dreams since the beginning of written records.
Linotype Spacera
Technoscript for futuristic applicationsThe American type designer and illustrator Louis Lemoine developed the Spacera typeface in 2002 for Monotype GmbH, which went by the name Linotype until 2013. This typeface belongs to a collection of 182 experimental modern fonts suitable for futuristic uses.
Mailart Typeface
Every letter a little work of artMail art is letters, objects and documentation of art projects produced, sent through the postal service and archived by mail artists. British designer Keith Bates created a typeface based on this self-creative patchwork process consisting of letters, numbers, characters and symbols.
Major media events
Collective states of emergencyDue to the massive interest shown in them beyond specific target groups by a large part of the population, media mega-events stand out from the diffuse communication bombardment that we are subjected to on a daily basis. Recurrent spectacles such as the Olympic Games and the FIFA World Cup and European championships, as well as royal weddings, celebrity deaths and disasters have stood out as prototypical reference points of a gigantic public interest in the past.
Manipulation of the media in the Nazi era
Propaganda on all channelsImmediately after the nomination of Hitler as Reich Chancellor in January 1933, the Nazi regime began to systematically streamline the entire German media and culture industry under the leadership of propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels. After a flurry of early separate bans, the Reichskulturkammer was established in September 1933 to regulate access to all cultural activities.
Markings
Spraying, tatooing, drawingLike thousands of years ago, people also mark their living environment using symbols today. Stone-Age rock paintings and large city graffiti are both expressions of this impulse. A desire that human beings have had since time immemorial to make their mark on the world and leave traces of their life behind.
