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  • 11-20
  • Graphic: Languages of the world
    Overview of the languages of the world
    Iglhaut + von Grote, courtesy of www.mapsofworld.com

    40.000 BCE

    Human language developed into the form that we know today.
  • Cave painting: Altamira
    Image of a bison in the cave at Altamira, Northern Spain. According to most recent research results, the paintings are up to 40,000 years old.
    Rameessos / Wikimedia Commons

    40000 BCE

    The oldest known cave paintings in Europe are produced in what is northern Spain today.
  • Graphic: writing systems of the world
    An overview of the writing systems of the world
    www.kreationswelt.de

    6.600 BCE

    Artefacts in China are furnished with writing-like characters – the so-called Jiahu font.
  • 3500 v. Chr.

    invention of the flattened tissues of the papyrus plant as a writing material in ancient Egypt
  • Ca. 3400 v. Chr.

    oldest preserved characters
  • Object: obelisk of Shalmaneser
    The obelisk of the Assyrian King Shalmaneser III. (858-824 BCE), a replica of the original kept at London’s British Museum, photograph: Punctum, Bertram Kober
    Replik: Deutsches Buch- und Schriftmuseum der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Leipzig

    3.200 BCE

    The emergence of Sumerian proto-cuneiform.
  • Object: frieze tile
    Frieze tile from the Pharoah’s residence with the phrase “he who conquers the foreign land”, Egypt, around 1300-1100 BCE
    Deutsches Buch- und Schriftmuseum der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Leipzig

    3100 BCE

    The Egyptian hieroglyph script emerges.
  • 3000 v. Chr.

    development of early scripts through the reduction of rock art motifs (ideograms)
  • Object: ushabti
    Ushabti figurine for passage to the world of the dead, 1550–1070 BC, photograph by: Punctum, Bertram Kober
    Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung

    c. 2.000 BCE

    Ushabtis are used in Ancient Egypt as funerary objects.
  • 1700 v. Chr.

    emergence of the first alphabet (22 characters) in North Semitic Palestine and Syria
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