iconoclasm
destruction or removal of the artworks and monuments of one’s own religion
iconography
an art history method which deals with the identification and interpretation of images in the field of visual art
ideographic script
a pictographic script which records thoughts and ideas independently of a fixed language
illiteracy
an individual’s inability to read and write
illiterate
a person who cannot read and write
illuminated manuscript
handwritten book decorated with miniatures
illumination
the artistic supplementation to a book or other written work by means of illustrations or other decorative elements
illumination (book painting)
an art form and collective term for hand-painted decoration or illustration, above all in manuscripts, but also in printed books and other written works
illustration
a supplementary image used as a means of visualising or clarifying the content of a text
image carrier
carrier of print image, which may contain static characters (printing plate) or have dynamic characters (digital printing)
Imperial City
a city under the direct rule of the German Emperor until the downfall of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806
Imperial Territories
all territories that belonged to the German Empire until 1806
Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine
the Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine was under the direct rule of the German Empire between 1871 and 1918 and was not an independent federal state
imposition
the arrangement of individual pages on both sides of the printed sheet to be in the correct sequence when book folding
imposition program
computer software for the computer-aided arrangement of pages on printing blocks
imprimatur
a declaration, issued by an author and a publisher, authorizing publication of a book, in some cases subject to the approval of an ecclesiastical or secular authority or, in the case of dissertations, a university committee
imprint
a legal requirement in several German-speaking countries whereby a legal statement of ownership is included in publications providing information on the author, editor, publisher and place and year of issue of a given work
imprint publishers
publishers who continue to use a traditional trade name or who use “imprints” to distinguish between printing runs or editions
Inca civilization
South American civilization organised into grid-based cities but predominantly economically reliant on agriculture which ruled large parts of the Andes between the 13th and 16th centuries
incunable
an early printed book from the pre-16th century made using movable type and also sometimes referred to as a “cradle book”
incunable and post-incunable
the former are printed works prior to 1501, the latter from the period 1500-1530
incunable studies
the branch of book science that deals with incunables
incunabulum
early printing from before 1500 using moveable types, also known as incunable
Index librorum prohibitorum
the list of publications prohibited by the Catholic Church between 1559 and 1966 whereby ownership was punished with excommunication
India paper edition
easy and manageable book edition printed on thin Bible paper
India/China ink
writing and drawing material composed of solid pigment particles such as fine soot, which is mixed with a binding agent
industrial manufacturing/processing
the mechanised or automated mass production or processing of material goods and commodities
Industrial Revolution
a far-reaching and lasting economic and social transformation denoting the transition from agricultural to industrial society
inflation
a persistent and significant rise in the general price level of goods and services
information
a term in natural sciences, humanities and information technology that deals with sequences of symbols and their meaning
initial
decorative letter at the beginning of a chapter or paragraph in a handwritten text or printed book
initials
abbreviated signature under a piece of writing with which a contract that is not yet legally binding according to international law is signed provisionally, for example
ink
a liquid that is intensely deep in colour used for writing and drawing using a feather, brush, fountain pen or for printing by means of an inkjet printer
inkjet printer
digitally-controlled dot matrix printer that creates an image using fine drops of ink which are propelled onto paper
inkjet printing
a digital printing process in which multi-coloured or single-coloured text and images are sprayed onto a surface using finely propelled ink droplets
inkstick
blocks of solid ink, often decorated with script or images, that are ground over an inkstone in conjunction with water
input device
device with which digital data can be entered or processed, e.g. keyboard, mouse, graphics tablet, scanner, digital camera
inquisition
a form of legal proceeding in the late-Middle Ages and early-modern period which, with the involvement of church representatives, sought to persecute heretics
insignia
flags, arms, seals, etc. symbolising a dominion or entity with a sovereign status
insignia
a mark of state, class or intellectual power or dignity
Insular script
derived from the half-uncial script used in Ireland, Scotland and England
intaglio
printing process in which depressions in the printing plate are used to hold ink which is then applied to paper under great pressure
Intelligenzblatt (news sheet)
an official 18th-century news sheet with announcements of forthcoming events, requests for tenders, etc.
interim binding
conceived as a temporary bound edition issued by the publishing house which the purchaser could then replace with a cover in fitting with his or her own taste
interleave
insertion of empty pages into a copy of a book in order to leave space for notes
interlibrary loan
books not available at one library are obtained by loans from a further library to the first
internet
a global system of interconnected computer networks facilitating data exchanges via standardized protocol
internet book retail
a branch of the internet retail industry offering customers books and other media in addition to online ordering and payment services
invisible ink
ink that is only rendered visible once the surface of a written document has reached a certain temperature or when suitable materials facilitate a chemical reaction
ISBN
International Standard Book Number – a unique numerical code for the clear identification of books
issue
form and creation of a media unit with regard to text version, illustrations, supplements and design
ivory
elephant or mammoth tooth, also the tooth of the hippopotamus, narwhale and walrus, can be artistically worked by carving
