table of contents
an index that provides a general overview of the contents of a particular medium
tabula
a board, writing tablet, tablet of law, chart or plate in a book
tabulae
books of accounts, writings of a state or nation, certificates, or archives
tabularium
a state archive in Ancient Rome
tachygraphy
Greek term for shorthand
tagged image file format (TIFF)
format for image files facilitating colour separation of raster files and capable of saving several images in one file
tally stick
pieces of wood used to record figures and quantities, primarily to document mutual debts between parties with the aim of avoiding fraud in such cases
Talmud
one of the most significant written works in Judaism which is made up of two components: the Mishnah and the Gemara
tariff
a schedule of prices or fees for goods or services
tattoo
permanent decorative designs made in the skin using a needle and indelible ink
technology
tools or systems (and the processes of their design and production) to achieve a goal or create a solution
telecommunications
exchange of information at a distance by technological means
telegraphy
long-distance transmission of textual messages using encoded characters for electrical or optical transfer
telephony
voice communication using technical equipment that is operated along either digital or analogue cables or using radio signals
television
a form of mass media, which broadcasts audiovisual programs over antennae or through cables to a mass audience
temple
term for a building that serves as a place of holy sanctuary
term catalogue
catalogues produced for the book fairs in Frankfurt und Leipzig between 1564 and 1860 listing available works
terra sigillata
Roman red gloss pottery that was either unpatterned or decorated in low relief using pottery moulds
territory
the total extent of a late medieval or early modern territorial state
text
written, structured language
text block
consists of the printed, folded, bound and cut state of a book
text capture
transformation of text into digital data by means of capture via keyboard or using computer-aided optical character recognition
text figures
digits which, in contrast to the uppercase numerals, have descending characters for 3, 4, 5, 7 and ascending characters for 6 and 8
Textura (Textualis)
a form of blackletter script from the Gothic era
TGL
stands for Technische Normen, Gütevorschriften und Lieferbedingungen – set of standards for goods and services in the German Democratic Republic
The Fourth Estate
the waged proletariat, the third party in addition to the state, from which the bourgeoisie arises
the problem of universality
philosophical debate about the question of whether there really are universal concepts, a major theme of medieval scholasticism
thermal printer
device that uses thermal print heads to produce texts, graphics or images on specially designed paper
thesaurus
term in information science for a controlled and network-connected vocabulary
thread stitching
method for stitching books by means of binding thread that is long-lasting and suitable for heavily used print media
three knife trimmer
paper-cutting machine used in bookbinding to give the final form to the three cut sides of the book body
thumb index
notches cut into the fore edge of a book which make it easier to locate specific sections of the work
title page
in books, the third or fifth page bearing the title
title page illustration
illustrations, borders or vignettes on the title page of a book – also known as a frontispiece when on the page facing the title page
title set
the typographical elements on a title page and their arrangement
title woodcut
woodcut on the title page of a printed work
tonal value
refers to the various levels, ranging from bright to dark, of a (digital) grayscale or colour image
tonal value increase (dot gain)
a phenomenon whereby printed dots appear larger than originally anticipated
Tooling
decorative technique, by which a knife was used to cut motifs into leather that had been warmed and soaked
Torah
the first part of the Hebrew Bible which is referred to in Christianity as the five books of Moses
Tower of Babel
a biblical story (Genesis 11, 1-9) that represents the confusion of tongues: the initial fragmentation of human languages
tracking
spacing of individual letters
tract
brief treatise dealing with a special topic of interest, often dealing with politics or religion
tradition
the transfer and cultivation of common habits, behavioural patterns, beliefs and forms of material culture
transfer printing
transfer process used for printing on porcelain, stoneware, glass and other industrial products
transmission control protocol / internet working protocol (TCP/IP)
protocol for the controlled delivery of internet data
transparency, also slide
positive photographic image processed directly from reversal film
trilingue
a trilingual text which can be of particular importance for the purposes of deciphering unfamiliar scripts
trivial literature
mass-produced, often clichéd and unrealistic literature intended as entertaining light reading
trivium
the three medieval liberal arts conducive to scholarship: grammar, rhetoric, and logic
trophy
an object, for example a weapon or flag, claimed in battle and that proudly serves as a symbol of victory over an enemy
troubadour
a poet, composer or singer who performed romantic verse in the courts of the Middle Ages
true colour
a digital colour format with three 8-bit-encoded colour channels of red, green and blue which produce a range of 16.7 million colours
TrueType
a font type designed to display scripts on monitors and printers whereby characters and symbols are not defined as pixels but as vector images
two-sidedness (of paper)
when the two sides of a sheet of paper are different; caused during sheet formation in the paper machine
type
groups of typeface characters and symbols, the design and arrangement of which is a task of printed media production
type case
cases used in manual typesetting for storing and delivering movable type and for housing individual fonts
type casting
the manual or mechanical manufacture of letter sorts for hot-metal typesetting
type specimen
a complete set of typeface symbols provided by a type foundry or other type supplier along with sample pages
typeface
a complete set of type of a particular size and style
typeface appearance
the visual appearance of handwriting, typeface or text in a print space
typesetting
the preparation of text characters for the production of printing forms
typesetting machine
a machine used for the production of finished metal type which involved the casting of individual symbols or entire lines
typewriter
a machine, either electromechanically or hand-operated, which is used to type words on paper via a keypad
typographeum
a term for all aspects and entities involved in the printing of books using movable type (publisher, typesetting, printing, bookbinding, the book trade, authors, readers etc.)
typographic alignment
collective term for lines down the page
typographic ruler (typometer)
a typographic measurement tool for typesetters
typographical measurement units
measurement system for typographical distances
typography
the process, developed by the book printing industry, of creating text, images, lines etc. for printed publications and other media
